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1.\u6700\u9057\u61be\u7684\u603b\u7edf\uff1a\u7f57\u65af\u798f\u5341\u51e0\u5c81\u65f6\u5c31\u6253\u51fa9\u6d1e 41\u6746\u7684\u6210\u7ee9\uff0c\u540e\u676518\u6d1e\u7ecf\u5e38\u7a81\u783490\u6746\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4ed6\u6253\u7403\u5165\u8ff7\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u672a\u5a5a\u59bb\u4e5f\u5b66\u8d77\u6253\u9ad8\u7403\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u4e24\u4eba\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u66f4\u52a0\u4eb2\u5bc6\u3002\u9057\u61be\u7684\u662f1921\u5e74\u7f57\u65af\u798f\u60a3\u5c0f\u513f\u9ebb\u5eb3\u75c7\u4e0d \u80fd\u518d\u6253\u7403\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u540e\u6765\u5728\u767d\u5bab\u4e66\u623f\u4e2d\u6848\u5934\u6700\u73cd\u8d35\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u662f\u4e00\u9897\u9ad8\u5c14\u592b\u7403\u5f62\u72b6\u7684\u6253\u706b\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n
2.\u6700\u8fdc\u7684\u5c0f\u767d\u7403\uff1a\u5728 1992\u5e74HEB\u5fb7\u5dde\u516c\u5f00\u8d5b\u7684\u6a61\u6811\u5c71\u4e61\u6751\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\uff0c\u5361\u5c14\u00b7\u5e93\u73c0\uff08Carl Cooper\uff09\u6325\u6746\u51fb\u7403\uff0c\u521b\u4e0b\u9ad8\u7403\u53f2\u4e0a\u884c\u7a0b\u6700\u957f\u7684\u7eaa\u5f55\u3002\u8fd9\u4f4d31\u5c81\u7684PGA\u5de1\u56de\u8d5b\u5bbf\u5c06\uff0c\u5728\u53d1\u7403\u53f0\u5f00\u7403\u65f6\u7403\u671d\u53f3\u504f\u3002\u5c0f\u767d\u7403\u98de\u884c\u4e09\u767e\u7801\u540e\uff0c\u843d\u5728\u7403\u573a\u8f66\u9053\u4e0a\uff0c\u6cbf \u7740\u6ca5\u9752\u8def\u9762\uff0c\u4e00\u6b21\u63a5\u4e00\u6b21\u5730\u671d\u5761\u4e0b\u6eda\u53bb\u3002\u4ee4\u4eba\u5403\u60ca\u7684\u662f\u8fd9\u53ea\u602a\u7403\u6eda\u8fc7\u7b2c\u4e09\u53f7\u679c\u5cad\u3001\u8d8a\u8fc7\u7b2c\u4e94\u53f7\u53d1\u7403\u53f0\u3001\u76f4\u671d\u7b2c12\u53f7\u679c\u5cad\u5954\u53bb\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5728\u7403\u573a\u56f4\u94fe\u67d0\u5904\u505c\u6eda\u3002\u5e93\u73c0\u7684\u7403 \u7ae5\u6d4b\u4e86\u8fd9\u53ea\u504f\u7403\u7684\u884c\u7a0b\u8fbe787\u7801\uff0c\u6709\u534a\u54e9\u4e4b\u8fdc\u3002\u5e93\u73c0\u6253\u5b8c\u4ed6\u7684\u6d1e\u540e\uff0c\u5176\u7403\u7ae5\u6b32\u5c06\u7403\u6254\u7ed9\u89c2\u4f17\u3002\u5e93\u73c0\u4e0d\u8ba9\uff0c\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u8fd9\u662f\u9ad8\u7403\u53f2\u4e0a\u8d70\u5f97\u6700\u8fdc\u7684\u4e00\u53ea\u5c0f\u767d\u7403\u3002\u201d\u8bf4\u7f62\u5c06\u7403 \u6536\u8d77\u6765\u7559\u4f5c\u6c38\u4e45\u73cd\u85cf\u3002<\/p>\n
3.\u6700\u660e\u667a\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff1a1981\u5e74\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u9ad8\u7403\u516c\u5f00\u8d5b\u4e0a\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u9009\u624b\u5c0f\u91ce\u4e49\u660e\u5728\u7b2c 17\u6d1e\u4e00\u6746\u8fdb\u6d1e\uff0c\u5956\u91d1\u4e3a\u73b0\u91d1\u4e94\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u5916\u52a0\u4e00\u90e8\u56db\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u8f7f\u8f66\u3002\u5c0f\u91ce\u5f53\u5e7425\u5c81\uff0c\u662f\u540d\u4e1a\u4f59\u7403\u624b\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u63d0\u9192\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5956\u91d1\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u804c\u4e1a\u7403\u624b\uff0c\u4e0d \u80fd\u518d\u53c2\u52a0\u4e1a\u4f59\u7403\u8d5b\u3002\u867d\u8bf4\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u4f1a\u653e\u5f03\u4e1a\u4f59\u9009\u624b\u7684\u8eab\u5206\u6765\u9886\u5956\uff0c\u4f46\u5c0f\u91ce\u5374\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4ed6\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u5173\u5728\u66f4\u8863\u5ba4\u8fbe\u4e09\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u601d\u60f3\u6597\u4e89\u6fc0\u70c8\uff0c\u4ed6\u7231\u6253\u7403\uff0c\u4e5f\u559c\u6b22\u53c2\u52a0\u4e1a\u4f59\u8d5b\uff0c \u96be\u9053\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e5d\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u5c31\u6b64\u653e\u5f03\u8fd9\u4e00\u6743\u529b\uff1f\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5c0f\u91ce\u5ba3\u5e03\u4ed6\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4e0d\u60f3\u5f53\u804c\u4e1a\u9009\u624b\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u6c38\u751f\u4e0d\u5fd8\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
4.\u6700\u65e0\u5948\u7684\u526f\u603b\u7edf\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6545\u4e8b\u662f\u5173\u4e8e1971\u5e74\u65f6\u7f8e\u56fd\u526f\u603b\u7edf\u65af\u76ae\u7f57\u00b7\u963f\u683c\u7ebd\u7684\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u4ed6\u5e94\u9080\u53c2\u52a0\u6c99\u6f20\u7cbe\u82f1\u8d5b\u804c\u4e1a-\u4e1a\u4f59\u6df7\u5408\u8d5b\u3002\u6bd4\u8d5b\u5728\u52a0\u5229 \u798f\u5c3c\u4e9a\u7684\u62c9\u65af\u7ef4\u52a0\u65af\u4e3e\u884c\u3002\u526f\u603b\u7edf\u7684\u51fa\u573a\u8d62\u5f97\u4e86\u89c2\u4f17\u70ed\u70c8\u7684\u638c\u58f0\u548c\u559d\u91c7\uff0c\u963f\u683c\u7ebd\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u5f88\u9ad8\u5174\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6d1e\u7684\u53d1\u7403\u533a\u8fd8\u5411\u89c2\u4f17\u6325\u624b\u81f4\u610f\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5728\u4ed6\u5f00\u59cb\u6325\u6746\u51fb\u7403\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c \u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7403\u5c31\u98de\u5411\u89c2\u4f17\u53f0\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u4e00\u7247\u60ca\u614c\uff0c\u5728\u53d1\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u7403\u65f6\uff0c\u7403\u53c8\u98de\u5411\u4e86\u89c2\u4f17\u5e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u963f\u683c\u7ebd\u603b\u5171\u53d1\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u7403\uff0c\u5c45\u7136\u6253\u4f24\u4e86\u4e09\u540d\u89c2\u4f17\u3002\u8003\u8651\u5230\u89c2\u4f17\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u963f\u683c \u7ebd\u653e\u4e0b\u7403\u6746\uff0c\u9000\u51fa\u4e86\u6bd4\u8d5b\u3002<\/p>\n
5.\u6700\u53ef\u601c\u7684\u4e9a\u519b\uff1a1985 \u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c25\u5c4a\u82f1\u56fd\u516c\u5f00\u8d5b\u5728\u5723\u5b89\u5fb7\u9c81\u65af\u5982\u671f\u4e3e\u884c\uff0c\u5728\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684\u6bd4\u8d5b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u5230\u7b2c17\u6d1e\u65f6\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u89c2\u4f17\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3aDavid Ayton\u662f\u80dc\u5238\u5728\u63e1\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u65f6\u4ed6\u662f\u4ee5\u4e94\u6746\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u9065\u9065\u9886\u5148\u4e8e\u6392\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4f4d\u7684\u7403\u5458\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5c31\u5728\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u5947\u8ff9\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\uff0c\u53ef\u601c\u7684Ayton\u5728\u7b2c17\u6d1e\u7adf\u7136\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u8bae\u5730 \u6253\u51fa\u4e8611\u6746\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6d1e\u5168\u957f461\u7801 \uff0c\u6807\u51c6\u6746\u56db\u6746\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u6700\u540e\u7684\u603b\u79ef\u5206\u4e3a173\u6746\uff0c\u628a\u51e0\u4e4e\u5230\u624b\u7684\u51a0\u519b\u62f1\u624b\u8ba9\u7ed9\u4e86\u9c8d\u52c3\u00b7\u9a6c\u4e01\u3002<\/p>\n
6.\u6700\u72fc\u72c8\u7684\u7403\u5458\uff1a\u6700 \u72fc\u72c8\u7684\u7403\u5458\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u4e24\u4f4d\u2014\u2014Richard Blackman\u548cWilliam Smithline\uff0c\u4e24\u4eba\u90fd\u53f7\u79f0\u662f\u9ad8\u7403\u7231\u597d\u8005\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u4e24\u4f4d\u7403\u53cb\u6b63\u5728\u5df4\u54c8\u9a6c\u7fa4\u5c9b\u7684\u5929\u5802\u9e1f\u9ad8\u5c14\u592b\u7403\u573a\u6253\u7403\uff0c\u8c01\u77e5\u534a\u8def\u6740\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u54ac\u91d1\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u53ea\u72ee\u5b50\u51b2\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u9762\u524d\u3002\u4e24 \u4eba\u5927\u60ca\uff0c\u7acb\u523b\u6254\u4e0b\u7403\u6746\uff0c\u4ed3\u60f6\u9003\u8dd1\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u72ee\u5b50\u88ab\u6293\u5230\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u4e45\u4e45\u4e0d\u80fd\u5e73\u5b9a\u3002\u8fd9\u53ea\u72ee\u5b50\u662f\u4ece\u9a6c\u620f\u56e2\u9003\u51fa\u6765\u8dd1\u5230\u7403\u573a\u4e0a\u7684\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u5b83\u662f\u6700\u5fe0\u5b9e\u7684\u9ad8\u5c14\u592b\u7231\u597d\u8005\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
7.\u6700\u5012\u9709\u7684\u8463\u4e8b\u957f\uff1a\u4e00\u4f4d42\u5c81\u7684\u8463\u4e8b\u957f\u5230\u9a6c\u516d\u7532\u6d77\u5ce1\u6253\u7403\u65f6\uff0c\u88ab\u4e00\u6761\u4e94\u7c73\u957f\u7684\u9cc4\u9c7c\u7a81\u7136\u54ac\u4f4f\u4e86\u5de6\u817f\uff0c\u5e76\u9669\u4e9b\u88ab\u62d6\u5165\u7403\u573a\u65c1\u7684\u6c34\u5858\u3002\u8be5 \u8463\u4e8b\u957f\u4e8b\u540e\u56de\u5fc6\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f53\u4ed6\u6325\u6746\u540e\uff0c\u524d\u53bb\u5bfb\u627e\u843d\u7403\u70b9\u65f6\u8e29\u5230\u4e86\u201c\u4e00\u6bb5\u6728\u5934\u201d\u6837\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u4e0d\u6599\u8fd9\u201c\u6728\u5934\u201d\u5f20\u5634\u5c31\u54ac\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n
8.\u6700\u5c34\u5c2c\u7684\u88f8\u4f53\uff1a1991 \u5e74\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u5c3c\u65af\uff0c\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u804c\u4e1a\u9009\u624b\u5c71\u59c6\u00b7\u6258\u4f26\u65af\u5728\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u516c\u5f00\u8d5b\u540e\u56de\u5230\u4ed6\u4f4f\u7684\u9152\u70b9\u5e97\u3002\u5728\u508d\u665a\u65f6\u5206\u4ed6\u8131\u5149\u8863\u670d\uff0c\u5f88\u60a0\u95f2\u5730\u7ad9\u5728\u623f\u5916\u7684\u9633\u53f0\u4e0a\uff0c\u4eab\u53d7\u7740\u6d77\u98ce\u7684\u5439\u62c2\u3002\u4e00\u9635 \u72c2\u98ce\u7a81\u8d77\uff0c\u628a\u4ed6\u7684\u623f\u95e8\u53cd\u9501\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u592a\u9633\u4e5f\u843d\u5c71\u4e86\uff0c\u6d77\u9762\u522e\u6765\u7684\u6e7f\u6e7f\u7684\u51c9\u98ce\uff0c\u8ba9\u8d64\u8eab\u88f8\u4f53\u7684\u6258\u4f26\u65af\u51b7\u5f97\u53d1\u6296\u3002\u65e0\u5948\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u5411\u697c\u4e0b\u4e00\u540d\u770b\u5f97\u53d1\u5446\u7684\u8fc7\u8def\u4eba\u6c42\u6551\uff0c\u8bf7\u4ed6 \u4eec\u627e\u4eba\u5e2e\u5fd9\uff0c\u6258\u4f26\u65af\u6574\u6574\u5728\u9633\u53f0\u4e0a\u88ab\u51bb\u4e8645\u5206\u949f\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u60c5\u7eea\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5929\u7684\u6bd4\u8d5b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6258\u4f26\u65af\u6709\u4e9b\u53d7\u632b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ec5\u6253\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u60b2\u768477\u6746\u3002<\/p>\n
9.\u6700\u641e\u602a\u7684\u6c64\u59c6\uff1a\u6c64\u59c6\u00b7\u535a\u5c14\u7279\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u6700\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u9ad8\u5c14\u592b\u7403\u624b\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u4ee5\u641e\u602a\u95fb\u540d\u4e8e\u7403\u575b\u3002\u57281959\u5e74\u5b5f\u83f2\u65af\u516c\u5f00\u9080\u8bf7\u8d5b\u4e0a\uff0c\u201c\u4e00 \u8d2f\u641e\u602a\u201d\u7684\u4ed6\u53c8\u6709\u65b0\u52a8\u4f5c\uff0c\u5f53\u540c\u4f34\u6b63\u8981\u63a8\u7403\u65f6\uff0c\u7ad9\u5728\u4e00\u65c1\u7684\u4ed6\u653e\u4e86\u4e2a\u54cd\u5c41\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u80fd\u786e\u5b9a\u4ed6\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u6709\u610f\u4e3a\u4e4b\uff0c\u4f46\u88c1\u5224\u8ba4\u4e3a\u535a\u5c14\u7279\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u201c\u8fdd\u80cc\u4f53\u80b2\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\uff0c \u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u6bd4\u8d5b\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u76f8\u5173\u89c4\u5219\u5bf9\u5176\u5904\u4ee5250\u7f8e\u5143\u7f5a\u6b3e\u3002<\/p>\n
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